Archives
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br Conclusion AS SP the first line treatment
2021-08-06
Conclusion AS+SP, the first-line treatment, still remains highly effective in Pakistan following its introduction in 2007. However, molecular data indicate that SP resistance is being established in Pakistan, although mutations that confer a high risk of SP treatment failure are rare or non-exist
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As temperatures increase rates of spontaneous
2021-08-06
As temperatures increase, rates of spontaneous deamination also increase such that hyperthermophilic organisms must have efficient mechanisms for dealing with this potential hazard.8., 9. The hyperthermophile Methanococcus jannaschii has both a dCTP deaminase (encoded by the gene at locus MJ0430) an
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One of the features of ROCO proteins
2021-08-06
One of the features of ROCO proteins, controlled by their domain architecture is their oligomerization status. By size-exclusion chromatography and Western blot analysis, DAPK1 was proved to form homodimers via its GTPase and kinase domains [53]. Similarly, TCS 5861528 microscopy studies conducted o
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As discussed in the introduction many pregnant women
2021-08-06
As discussed in the introduction, many pregnant women take medications such as nifedipine and indinavir, which are considerably metabolized by CYP3A [26]. Previous reports have also shown increased CYP3A activity following pregnancy [7], [9], which is consistent with our results. However, previous s
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In rats exposed to day of nicotine withdrawal h after
2021-08-06
In rats exposed to 1 day of nicotine withdrawal (24 h after the last nicotine administration) we expected a decrease of general locomotor activity and a decrease of global striatal dopamine release, which were assessed in a previous study following 14 days of nicotine exposure and 24 h of nicotine w
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Acidosis has lethal consequences but alkalosis due to chlori
2021-08-05
Acidosis has lethal consequences, but alkalosis (due to chloride depletion, potassium depletion, and excess mineralocorticoid) is not tolerated as well (Luke and Galla, 2012). In this regard, efforts to restore pH to normal physiological level, in the most benign way should be the goal of researcher
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Upon assembly of HLA tetramers loaded with
2021-08-05
Upon assembly of HLA tetramers loaded with either of the two peptide versions, we could query the T cell repertoires of RA subjects and healthy individuals for the presence of cognate T Bryostatin 1 synthesis recognizing the respective peptide-HLA complexes. We found no significant difference in fr
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Information on the mechanism by which parasite
2021-08-05
Information on the mechanism by which parasite infections promote ECM degradation is limited (McKerrow et al., 1983; Andrade, 1994; Lu and Lai, 2013; Thibeaux et al., 2014). The interaction of plasminogen-plasmin with proteins of microorganisms, including bacteria, has been suggested to play a key r
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br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways i
2021-08-05
DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle eph receptor (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK a
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ionomycin br Conflicts of interest br Introduction G protein
2021-08-05
Conflicts of interest Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), form the largest human membrane protein family, with 800 members overall. Many druggable targets for treatment of common diseases involve GPCRs that mediate therapeutic effects of 34% of all marketed drugs (Hauser, Attwood
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Cellular immune responses such as phagocytosis and apoptosis
2021-08-05
Cellular immune responses, such as phagocytosis and apoptosis, are very important processes to eradicate the invading pathogens and reduce concomitant host damage. And all of these processes are fine-tuned by the ubiquitin system (Li et al., 2016). Phagocytosis is a major mechanism of cellular immun
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SMER 3 The outcome of DGK function will thus depend on the
2021-08-05
The outcome of DGK function will thus depend on the binding partners of each DGK isoform, and the effects that they exert can be quite different. A clear example of this concept has been demonstrated for the type IV DGKs, ζ and ι, which are structurally very similar but have opposing effects on Ras
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The overall shape of p
2021-08-05
The overall shape of p110α/iSH2 is dramatically different from DGKB or SK1, instead of forming a homodimer, p110α/iSH2 heterodimer has a triangular shape with iSH2 laying on the top and ABD, RBD, helical and kinase domain of p110α sitting in the bottom (Fig. 2B) (Gabelli et al., 2010; Huang et al.,
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Our data indicate that the ability of these
2021-08-05
Our data indicate that the ability of these promiscuous kinases to bind chemically diverse inhibitors is defined by the hydrophobic pocket formed by the activation loop, which is only accessible in the DFG-Asp-out conformation. Inhibitors do not artificially induce the DFG-Asp-out conformation as wa
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Functionally all members of the IL family have
2021-08-05
Functionally, all members of the IL-12 family have been annotated along major inflammatory signaling axes but their roles have often weighed on opposing sides of the immunological balance. For instance, IL-12 and IL-23 are classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines [10] as opposed to the rather protec