• Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from

  2021-11-29

  

  Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-11-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ajuba was originally identified as an adaptor protein which communicates cell adhesive events with nuclear responses to remodel the epithelium (Langer et al., 2008; Marie et al., 2003). Recently, increasing evidence has shown that Ajuba functions as

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgment This study was supported by

  2021-11-29

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgment This study was supported by grants from the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments, the Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation and the German Society for Cardiology (DGK) to F.K. and grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR 219 M-0

• br Conclusion br Conflict of Interest

  2021-11-29

  

  Conclusion Conflict-of-Interest JJH has collaborated with several different pharmaceutical companies during the last 30 years; is currently receiving speaker honoraria from NovoNordisk and MSD and is on advisory boards for NovoNordisk. The author is currently supported by an independent grant

• According to Laplace s law

  2021-11-29

  

  According to Laplace’s law, loss of myogenic response would increase wall stress and tension in downstream vessels and subsequently induce endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness [36]. Indeed, we found that arteries from FPR-1 KO mice presented with a leftward shift in the stress-strain curve

• Sumoylation is involved in regulating protein protein intera

  2021-11-29

  

  Sumoylation is involved in regulating protein-protein interactions, subcellular protein localization, protein stability, and transcriptional factor activity (reviewed in [29]). The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein is covalently attached to a lysine residue in a Ψ-K-X-D/E consensus sequen

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Peptide therapeutics rep

  2021-11-29

  

  Methods Results Discussion Peptide therapeutics represents a unique class of biopharmaceuticals that continues to evolve in drug discovery and development. We and others have been particularly interested in bioengineering innovative pGC-A and/or pGC-B peptide activators. This has been succe

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement br Introduction The macrop

  2021-11-29

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Introduction The macrophage is an important cell species that plays key roles in innate immune responses and inflammatory reactions through phagocytosis of foreign bodies and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (T

• Adenosine triphosphatase ATP is a

  2021-11-29

  

  Adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) is a signaling molecule in acute pain and chronic pain(Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). It is also known that presynaptic A1 receptors are involved in the inhibition of transmitter release (Vizi and Knoll, 1976). Extracellular

• br Results and discussion br Conclusions TZDs represent a

  2021-11-26

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions TZDs represent a well-studied group of antidiabetic agents. Based on previous observations of the ability of some TZDs to activate FFAR1, we designed five scaffolds consisting of the TZD head, a linker, and a carefully selected privileged structure. For the p

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgments

  2021-11-26

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgments MIN6 TG003 receptor were kindly provided by Dr. Junichi Miyazaki, Osaka University. This research was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (JP16H05099 and JP18H04609 to K.H., and JP16H06574 to T.U

• Serotonin hydroxytryptamine HT is a monoamine with dual func

  2021-11-26

  

  Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a monoamine with dual functions in the developing and matured brain. 5-HT regulates development of the Ghrelin (rat) sale as a neurotrophic factor and is involved in emotion and cognition as a neurotransmitter in adulthood (Gaspar et al., 2003; Daubert and C

• The canonical tumor suppressor p

  2021-11-26

  

  The canonical tumor suppressor p53 has also been implicated as a transcriptional mediator of ferroptotic death (Jiang et al., 2015, Tarangelo et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2016, Xie et al., 2017). Specifically, p53 negatively regulates transcription of SLC7A11, the cystine-glutamate antiporter (Xc-) (J

• c16 The recent identification of new

  2021-11-26

  

  The recent identification of new mechanisms for triggering ferroptosis, by compounds termed FIN56 and FINO2, provided new insights into regulation of ferroptosis. FINO2 acts through a distinct mechanism: it promotes lipid peroxidation by oxidizing iron and indirectly inactivating GPX4 [180]. FIN56 w

• During the activation of the coagulation cascade

  2021-11-26

  

  During the activation of the coagulation cascade, factor Xa (FXa) forms a complex with activated factor V and calcium nicotinic receptors on the surface of platelet membrane (so called prothrombinase complex) and converts prothrombin to thrombin [5], [6]. Selective FXa inhibitors do not directly in

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