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  • Amphiphilic compounds lower interfacial tension and its biol

    2021-02-25

    Amphiphilic compounds lower interfacial tension and its biological production often results in a competitive environmental advantage (Darvishi et al., 2011). The reduction of interfacial tension can increase the biologically available surface areas resulting in increased metabolism of insoluble compounds (Mulligan and Gibbs, 2004). RLs have a wide range of applications including enhanced biodegradation of diesel and oil (Wang et al., 2008), and bioremediation of organic and heavy metal polluted sites (Mulligan, 2005). Besides, RLs are broadly used in the cosmetic industry for products such as moisturizers, toothpaste (Desai and Banat, 1997), and also be used in medical industry for their antimicrobial and antiviral properties (Gueldner et al., 2003). Several studies have aimed to optimize the biosurfactant production process by changing the variables that influence the type and amount of biosurfactant. Important variables are carbon and nitrogen sources (Yin et al., 2008), potential nutrient limitations and other physical and chemical parameters such as oxygen, temperature, and pH (Chayabutra et al., 2001). Recent studies have also focused on in situ productions from renewable substrates, resulting in the so-called new generation of biosurfactants production (Darvishi et al., 2011). Burkholderia sp., isolated from a PAH contamination soil and, was investigated for its ability to degrade diesel and biodiesel and its production of biosurfactant (Seo et al., 2006). In the present study, the objective was to identify rhamnolipids produced by Burkholderia sp. C3 using diesel and biodiesel as substrates.
    Materials and methods
    Results
    Discussion Hydrocarbon materials constitute a large segment from petroleum processing industry byproducts and could cause severe environmental pollution problem (Janek et al., 2010). From current study, hydrocarbon was solely utilized as carbon basis for biosurfactant production, which are eventually usable for potential Eltanexor production (Bacha et al., 2011). The C3 biosurfactants producers, in our study, were capable of developing petro-diesel and biodiesel as available and low-priced carbon sources, which could give an additional economic impact for the study. Amid several applied screening methods for biosurfactant determination, orcinol assay was recommended as from the most reliable methods to screen potential biosurfactant production from microorganisms (Youssef et al., 2004). The microbial production of biosurfactant of 1.74 g/L, from a consortium of Pseudomonas sp. (ERCPPI-2) and Enterobacter cloacae, was recorded with the utilization of olive oil- supplemented minimal salt medium (Darvishi et al., 2011), which is comparable to the produced amounts from hydrocarbons in the current study. The HPLC analysis, of the achieved biosurfactants, convincingly suggest the glycolipids structure of them, which was supported by preceding findings (Pecci et al., 2010). The purified biosurfactants’ molecular mass, which was detected with MALDI-TOF, resembled that of produced biosurfactants are in close relationship to other families that were previously produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa AP02-1. (Kim et al., 1997). The current used bacterial strain, i.e. Burkholderia sp. C3, was isolated from PAH contaminated soil. It was formerly endorsed that for the bioremediation of oil spills contaminated locations, it is advisable to screen and isolate the situated microbial producers of biosurfactants. In these contaminated sites, which mostly could produce a mixture of 1–2 rhamnose parts connected with 1–2 chains from β-hydroxy fatty acid, with average carbons length of 8–12, the decanoic acid (C10) is the most abundant (Ron and Rosenberg, 2001). The MS indicated that carbon source could influence the quantity and structures of biosurfactants; RLs could be generated as different mixtures of congeners with more than 28 currently known structural homologs. Cultivated P. aeruginosa, on glycerol, could produce a mixture composite of 10 congeners with 1–2 rhamnoses associated to 3 hydroxy fatty acids; the predominant was Rha-Rha-C10-C10 then Rha-C10-C10, as a result of hexadecane utilization (Deziel et al., 1999).