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  • Transformation of sanitation related knowledge into routine

    2019-04-19

    Transformation of sanitation-related knowledge into routine practice is hindered by traditional mindsets and the absence of awareness and an attitude to learn. Poverty has been described as a barrier to following safe hygiene practices. Regular use of footwear is equally important for the prevention of soil-transmitted helminth infection. Personal and domestic hygiene practices are difficult to improve without upgrading basic amenities, such as water supply, waste water disposal, and solid waste management. Health education could be a very promising approach to improve awareness and encourage the adoption of good hygienic practice. The hmg-coa reductase inhibitors of health education and practice to fill the gaps of understanding of what works and what does not work is needed. We also need to keep focused on the important task of winning the battle for rural sanitation.
    Many international health research programmes aspire to the twin goals of acquiring new knowledge and building research capacity in the institutions and workforce of low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) partners. Health research is now seen as an essential instrument to tackle health inequalities in LMICs, and has benefited from increases in funding and trained personnel, but these indicators might not equate to a greater ability to do research. Authorship of scientific reports shows academic contribution and has been used as a proxy for research capacity. We undertook a bibliometric analysis to measure expanded LMIC capacity in HIV research and identify correlates of success. We chose HIV because global funding for HIV research increased six-fold from 2002 to 2008 and because many key questions in HIV can only be addressed in LMICs, where the burden of disease is highest, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In July 2012, we searched PubMed, for articles published in 2000–11 using the key words ”HIV” AND (‘“treatment” or ”prevention”) AND the names of World Bank classified LMICs with an HIV prevalence of at least 1% in 2000. Inclusion criteria were full papers reporting on a cohort study or randomised trial, in a LMIC, with the outcome HIV acquisition or disease progression.
    The current Ebola epidemic threatens to turn into one of the most devastating public health crises of modern times unless the international community responds in a coordinated, effective fashion. Owing to the high penetration of mobile phone subscriptions in Guinea (63/100 people), Liberia (60/100 people), and Sierra Leone (44/100 people), mHealth strategies could be a low-cost, high-impact solution to mapping outbreaks and providing education. The technology company IBM launched a disease-mapping system in October, 2014. Collaboration between Sierra Leone\'s largest mobile provider, AirTel, and IBM allows local people to send free text messages about Ebola to the Government. Heat-maps that link emerging issues to location information can then be created. Large data analysis has been used in the past to great effect. Tracking population movements via mobile phone proved highly successful after the 2012 earthquake in Haiti, helping to map the spread of cholera. This method could play an important role in mapping population movement in west Africa and ensure relief assistance, needs assessment, and infectious disease surveillance is optimised. mHealth strategies also have the potential to be used as an educational tool for behaviour change. In Sierra Leone, the Red Cross has worked in collaboration with Airtel to launch a platform that sends informative text messages to people in the most affected areas. 2 million people are thought to have been reached via this platform, with messages encouraging simple hygiene measures such as regular hand washing and appropriate personal protective equipment when taking care of ill patients at home. Using mHealth in this capacity is not only important for the short-term containment of the virus, but for long term prevention of future outbreaks.