While there were no complications in

While there were no complications in 59.5% of the group, 9.5% had lymphadenopathy, 7.1% had fever–weakness and a secondary bacterial infection, 6.5% had erythema multiforme, 3.6% had itchiness, 3.0% had pain, 1.8% had lymphangitis, 1.2% had erysipelas, and 0.6% had papulovesicular eruption (Table 5).
Discussion Güneş et al established 31 cases of an epidemic disease emerging after the Feast of the Sacrifice in Izmir, Turkey, from 1979 to 1980. Since the 1980s, the existence of the disease in our country has changed very little. Between 1988 and 2000, Ghislain et al established 44 cases of orf in their research, 42 of which were among Muslims. Their research examined cases of the disease 10 days earlier each year within the same time period. While only one of these cases was due to a profession, the others came from amateur slaughtering. Erythema multiforme (7 cases), lymphangitis (4 cases), axillary adenitis (3 cases), eyelid edema (2 cases), maculopapular eruption (2 cases), and contact dermatitis drugs (1 case) were detected as complications in the study. Khaled et al have reported that xanthine oxidase inhibitor the rate of contracting orf disease increases in Tunisia after the Feast of the Sacrifice. Bassioukas et al have found 28 cases of orf existing in all seasons of the year among shepherds in Greece. This study observed pain, fever–fatigue, erythema multiforme, erysipelas, papulovesicular eruption, lymphangitis, and adenitis as complications of the disease. Gürel et al reported that cases of orf occur frequently in Turkey 2–3 weeks after the Feast of the Sacrifice due to the slaughter of animals, predominantly by Muslims. In addition, Erbağcı et al emphasize that orf disease may occur together with local symptoms, such as pain, itchiness, lymphangitis, or axillary adenitis, or to a lesser extent with systemic symptoms, such as fatigue and fever. They also stress that erythema multiforme, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, erysipelas, generalized mucocutaneous eruption, toxic erythema, and eye edema can be understood as further complications of the disease. In New Zealand, reinfection was observed in 18 of 231 cases in 1983. Reinfection has not been observed in any of the patients included in our research. In research on the seroprevalence of ecthyma in humans and lambs in the Kars area, 52.81% of the sera collected from lambs and 5% of the sera collected from humans were found to be seropositive for the orf virus. Two human cases showing the typical clinical symptoms of orf were identified in the same study. Robinson and Petersen have isolated the ecthyma contagiosum virus within sheep and lamb industry employees. In their research conducted with people living and working on a sheep farm in England, the prevalence of serological antibodies was detected in 2.8–4% of people per year. An orf epidemic occurs every year in Jordan after the Feast of the Sacrifice. Epidemics in Turkey and other Muslim countries also occur after the Feast of the Sacrifice due to amateurs slaughtering animals. It has been determined that orf virus vaccine strains can lead to epidemics among sheep. Therefore, vaccinated animals may be a risk factor for farmers today. No transmission of orf from human to human has been reported. Georgiades et al have emphasized that the most effective protective measure against orf is the use of gloves when making contact with infected animals. Skin contact with an animal\'s pelt is the main risk factor for the transmission of the orf agent. Infection is most commonly seen within younger populations who do not comply with proper hygiene measures. A good knowledge of the routes of transmission, good hand hygiene, and other personal protective measures are necessary to prevent and control infection. In addition, it is very useful to have a good knowledge of the religious and cultural traditions that may lead to infection, as well as the training of physicians, veterinarians, pet owners, farmers, butchers, and other individuals who slaughter animals.