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  • Interpretation of the FT IR spectrum of

    2018-11-03

    Interpretation of the FT - IR spectrum of metronidazole and its 1:1 dispersion in Manihot ultilissima, is presented in Table 2. While the micromeritics of the various metronidazole granules and the cumulative frequency plot of the various metronidazole granules, were presented in Table 3 and Fig. 1 respectively. Tables 4–6 indicated the physicochemical properties of metronidazole tablets, analysis of variance table for Two-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of metronidazole per cent drug release, and conclusions on sample mean variation from critical difference; respectively.
    Discussions The cassava starch gave a blue black coloration with the test iodine, while the blue black color of the cassava xerogel appeared lighter. The starch appeared white and dense to the eye, while the xerogel appeared more hexokinase inhibition crystalline, whiter, slightly translucent and grittier to touch and odourless. The photomicrograph of the cassava starch and its modified form showed different shape, packing arrangement and granule size as seen in the photomicrographs in Plates 1. The Manihot ultilissima starch granule appeared radially oriented under the microscope and is more densely packed. While the vibrational modes in the FT-IR spectra of the various KBr add mixtures, were correlated with inferred functional groups using the chat by Jacox [8]. Metronidazole pure sample in comparison to metronidazole 1:1 solid dispersion with xerogel maintained similar hexokinase inhibition bands and vibrational mode stretches. The FT-IR absorption frequencies (Table 2) show no interference, no new peak and no new absorption band when solid dispersion of metronidazole was made with the modified starch xerogel used in the formulation. This showed that no new compound was formed out of the combination, and that metronidazole remained unaltered. The granules of all the metronidazole formulations had angles of repose between 30 and 34°, indicative of good flow. Aulton [3] explained that angle of repose above 50° means poor flow, while below 25 is for powders with very good flow property. The approximate Hausner ratio value of 1.2 for the granules indicated coarse spheres with low inter-particulate friction; and their Carr’s index range of 12–24% confirmed good compressibility. The granules prepared with Manihot ultilissima starch showed better particle size distribution in comparison with formulations with corn starch. The tablets from these formulations gave good compact (hardness of 9–10 Kgf) and low per cent friability. At below 1%, the friability was lowest with Manihot ultilissima starch polymer formulation. After an hour on dissolution, all the formulation released about/or over 50% of the metronidazole content. The computed F-ratio result of rate of dissolution of the formulations were greater than the critical value of F-table and follows Snedico’s F-distribution with (k-1), (n-k) degree of freedom as a right tailed test; therefore the null hypothesis that the effect of all treatment at different concentration are the same at 5% P value was rejected (Table 4). After rejecting the null hypothesis, the comparison of the critical difference to the difference of sample mean between pair of formulation batches showed that all pair of treatment differs significant (Table 5). The variation from critical difference of 45.8 for rate of dissolution was very significant at 76.03 for the highest test ratio (1:1) of test polymers (corn and Manihot ultilissima starches).
    Conclusion The formulations of metronidazole with Manihot ultilissima and corn starches using the combination of processing techniques produced good granules. The drug release was better with the Manihot ultilissima starch polymer formulation, and improved with increase in Manihot ultilissima starch concentration. The 1:1 ratio of metronidazole and Manihot ultilissima starch using a combination of co-solvency, particle size reduction and solid dispersion techniques gave optimal tablet formulation of 91% dissolution. The variation rate of dissolution of formulation with Manihot ultilissima starch, at 5% P value, was better improved at 1:1 ratio than with corn starch.