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    • br Method Subordinates from alpha

    2018-10-29


    Method Subordinates from 5 alpha banks in Pakistan were taken as the population. The sample consisted of 224 subordinates from different branches and was selected on non-random purposeful sampling technique. As the questionnaire was in English language, only those employees were considered for this study who had the ability to understand and respond the questionnaire in English. Further, only those employees were considered for this study who were in the sample branch (under same manager) for at least six months. It is assumed that at least six month duration is necessary to better understand one׳s leadership style. MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) 360 (5X short) by Bass and Avolio was used to collect data and was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. MLQ is a widely used questionnaire and MLQ 360 (5X short) is the latest version of this questionnaire. It is used to measure perceived transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles, satisfaction with leaders, leaders’ effectiveness and readiness to exert extra effort on job. This survey questionnaire is based on Bass׳s (1985) theory of transformational and transactional leadership. In this study, it is sued to examine the relationship between leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and outcome behaviors (satisfaction with leaders, their effectiveness, and readiness to exert extra effort). Descriptive statistics is used to demonstrate the demographics (gender, experience, age and education) of the study sample and inferential statistics (multiple regression technique) is used to test the hypotheses of this study. Additionally, zero-order correlation relationship between the leadership factors and outcome factors is also examined. The level of significance for multiple regression analysis to interpret the results is set at 0.05. The overall internal consistency (α) of the questionnaire was 0.85.
    Results Demographic analysis reveals that banking sector of Pakistan is a male Forskolin sector. The majority of employees belonged to 26–35 years age group with Masters Forskolin level education. The detailed summary of demographic results is presented in Table 1.
    Discussion The findings of this study are context specific. The results reveal that banking sector of Pakistan is a male dominant sector with 67.29 percent of the respondents. However, this does not mean that banking sector of Pakistan offers limited growth opportunities for females, as a matter of fact number of females in the banking sector have increased recently according to previous research findings (Asrarulhaq, 2012; Bodla & Hussain, 2009). The majority of banking workforce (90.19%) belonged to 26–35 years age group. There was no subordinate with 46 or above age. It is revealed that due to early retirement and promotion of employees to management positions is the main reason for absence of higher age workforce in banking sector. In addition, increase in the number of banks in the country is also a significant reason. The same fact is reflected in education and experience factors as well. The education level of 88.73 percent subordinates was at least Masters, whereas only 11.27 percent of subordinates had bachelor degrees. The majority of respondents had one to eight years of experience at their current positions. Subordinates having one to four years of experience were 49.08 in percentage. The subordinates with five to eight years of experience at current designation characterized 28.70 percent of respondents. The inclusion of technology in banking sector, banks prefer to hire well educated and young workforce rather training the existing ones who are close to their retirement. In addition, some of the experienced managers were able to get promotion and were holding positions in administration, while many got retired with attractive retirement packages (offered by banks against their retirement before time) in last few years. Therefore, based on the above demographic results, it can be inferred that the banking sector of Pakistan is a growing sector and is boomed by the young generation.