Visitor lifestyle includes the fashion styles and activities

Visitor lifestyle includes the fashion styles and activities of visitors. The fashion pi3k inhibitors can be casual, elegant, and professional. The ethnicity and segmentation of visitors facilitate safety, especially in connection with personal distance. Preference toward the same segmentation is completed by imaging, and the selection of appropriate media is a component of shopping center marketing efforts. Visitors believe that grouping according to ethnicity and segmentation provide feelings of comfort and safety. Lighting is another factor to consider in atrium design. Lighting includes natural and man-made light. Natural light comes from skylights, whereas artificial lighting illuminates the entire atrium and stage. Among the 17 indicators, those that involved new findings are visibility or visual access to all directions, stage design, and event crowd at the atrium. The results on the indicators of atrium shape, height of the ceiling, size of the atrium, ceiling decoration, proportion, floor pattern, and color interior agree with the conclusions of Baker (1986) and Steele (1981) on the design factors related to the aesthetic aspect of a shopping environment. Two indicators are related to ambiance, and these are lighting design and music. The results on lighting design echo the findings of Turley and Milliman (2000), and those on music confirm the findings of Baker (1986) and Wee and Tong (2005). Baker (1986) states that ambience is a background condition that exists below the level of our immediate awareness. The results on the indicators of social setting, such as density, lifestyle, ethnicity, and segmentation, agree with the conclusions of Baker (1986), Michon and Chebat (2004), Astuti and Hanan (2011), and Bell et al. (1980). Furthermore, the findings on the signage indicator also agree with those of Wee and Tong (2007) and Baker (1986). One indicator that was not discussed in this research is scent as an indicator of the sense of place because it has not yet been used in the researched shopping centers. However, a previous study (Mitchell et al., 1995) indicates that scent strongly affects visitors׳ behavior.
Study 2
Discussion For both shopping centers, their similar factors are atrium legibility, social image and interaction, and decoration. Atrium legibility, or the distinctive characteristic of an atrium, is a physical factor in both of the shopping centers. Atrium legibility can be defined as a distinctive characteristic of an atrium from the aspect of its architecture and interior design. The atrium legibility of Gandaria City Mall is based on the creation of broad and easily oriented images, whereas the atrium legibility of Ciputra World is based on familiar impression and good visibility. The legibility of a place can influence the sense of spatial awareness of a place (Lynch, 1960; Kaplan as cited in Bell et al., 1996). Social image and interaction as social factors create an atmosphere of the social urban life of the upper middle class. This observation is evident in the urban life in other shopping centers in Asia (Tsang et al., 2003; Coclanis, 2009), especially in Indonesia with its expanding middle class that spends most of its activities inside shopping centers (Kurniawan, 2012). The atrium decoration to be considered is the fixed decoration associated with the architecture and interior design of the atrium. The fixed decoration can be in the form of ceiling decoration and floor decoration elements, which are distinctive and serve to differentiate an atrium from others from the visual perspective of visitors. The differences indicate that each shopping center has its own spatial and social uniqueness that defines its identity and that is considered by visitors. The review of shopping centers cannot be separated from the purpose of these shopping centers as set by their respective managements (Wee and Tong, 2005) and the characteristics of these two shopping centers as geographically different places (Abaza, 2001).