• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by the

  2021-11-22

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province (No.2016CFB368) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81201053). Introduction L-Glutamate (glutamate) is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervou

• br Materials and methods br Results Aberrant

  2021-11-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

• In the liver ghrelin has opposite effects

  2021-11-22

  

  In the liver, ghrelin has opposite effects to insulin on the expression of the enzyme PEPCK, thereby promoting gluconeogenesis and also causing a decrease in glucose uptake and fatty fluvastatin oxidation (Rigault et al., 2007). Ghrelin also stimulates hepatic lipogenesis de novo in a GH-independen

• Although several new elements i e

  2021-11-22

  

  Although several new elements (i.e., microsomes and NADPH) were added in E. coli cultures in the current study, the concentration of LacZ gene inducer, IPTG, to stimulate for the maximum production of β-galactosidase enzyme at media pH of 7.0 was observed to be the same as in the previous study (Fig

• NO has been shown to

  2021-11-22

  

  NO has been shown to be necessary for long-term potentiation (LTP) of GABAergic neurons in the amygdala (Lange et al., 2012), the hippocampus (Zhuo et al., 1993), the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (Nugent et al., 2009), and the spinal cord (Fenselau et al., 2011). NO is also known to increase GABA re

• Knock out mice of FXR showed enhancing cholesterol metabolis

  2021-11-22

  

  Knock-out mice of FXR showed enhancing cholesterol metabolism in vivo and reducing serum levels of total cholesterol. Additionally, the results of FXR-deficiency mice revealed potential effects on the improvement of obesity and diabetes.19, 20 As a natural FXR ligand, guggulsterone possesses antagon

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This study

  2021-11-22

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81673299 and 81273376). Introduction Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important metabolic fuels and those that are polyunsaturated are essential components of t

• Recent studies have elucidated a profound role for FFA

  2021-11-22

  

  Recent studies have elucidated a profound role for FFA4 in modulation of metabolism and energy utilization as well as endocrine and immune function, and as a consequence, have thrust FFA4 to the forefront of drug discovery efforts. For example, activation of FFA4 by fatty BLU 9931 or synthetic ligan

• Consistent with our result Camacho Barquero and coworkers sh

  2021-11-20

  

  Consistent with our result, Camacho-Barquero and coworkers showed that curcumin reduced phospho-P38 MAPK. P-38 MAPK is a key effector of several downstream factors that eventually modulate the homing of monocytic cells during the onset of intestine inflammation (Camacho-Barquero et al., 2007). Along

• Moreover we have demonstrated that internalization and subce

  2021-11-20

  

  Moreover, we have demonstrated that internalization and subcellular trafficking of NPRA, using IF staining (IFS) and co-IP of plasma membrane, endosomal, lysosomal, and recycling endosome markers to follow intracellular trafficking and signaling by confocal IF microscopy (CIF) and immunoblotting (IB

• In this study we demonstrate that

  2021-11-20

  

  In this study, we demonstrate that HHcy upregulated the expression of GSNOR in T cells. As a result, GSNOR induced denitrosylation of Akt in Hcy-activated T 54011 in vivo and in vitro, which contributed to vascular inflammation and susceptibility to atherosclerosis in GSNOR-/-ApoE-/- mice. The tran

• br Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able to alter the

  2021-11-20

  

  Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able to alter the febrile response induced by gp120. This effect was particularly evident during the initial hours following gp120 administration (90–210min). We also investigated the potential role of the delta-2 opioid receptor in gp120-induced fever. The delta

• br Introduction The generic antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic

  2021-11-20

  

  Introduction The generic antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic Spectinomycin hydrochloride hydrate (TXA) inhibits the protein-protein interaction between plasminogen and fibrin [9]. TXA is frequently used to reduce bleeding in various hemorrhagic conditions, such as during surgical procedures in the

• Based on the molecular weights of glutamate g mol

  2021-11-20

  

  Based on the molecular weights of glutamate (147.13 g/mol) and MSG (169.111 g/mol), the amount of free glutamate intake obtained in this study was equivalent to 297 mg MSG/d and 370 mg MSG/d for children and adults, respectively. Several previous studies have assessed population intake of MSG from f

• br Conclusions We have shown that despite

  2021-11-19

  

  Conclusions We have shown that despite the development of severe insulin intolerance and marked alterations in whole body substrate oxidation that Gcgr−/− mice are protected against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. Our data provides evidence that this protective effect is likely due in large par

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