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MJ33 lithium salt Mammals have three known Gli proteins Gli
2022-01-25
Mammals have three known Gli proteins: Gli-1, -2 and -3. Gli-1 does not undergo proteosomal degradation and hence, remains untruncated and always acts as a transcription promoter. Gli-1 is an important target gene for Gli-2. Full-length Gli-2 accumulates when Smo is activated because activated Smo p
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The study by Pigna and collaborators
2022-01-25
The study by Pigna and collaborators provides an elegant demonstration why class IIa HDAC inhibition may not be suitable to protect the neuromuscular function in ALS, consistent with a recent study that showed only a transient protection of motor performance after treatment of the same ALS model wit
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In diseased blood vessels increased production of reactive o
2022-01-25
In diseased blood vessels, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxynitrite, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, have been found [[53], [54], [55]]. Peroxynitrite was suggested to alter the redox state of sGC [53] while hydrogen peroxide interfered with the action of NO bu
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Chrysin We also examined possible involvement of
2022-01-25
We also examined possible involvement of the NF-κB signaling pathway in GSK-3 inhibitor-induced suppression of PGE2 production, whereas GSK-3 inhibitors did not have a significant effect on IκB phosphorylation/degradation or NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results are consistent with a previous p
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A number of in vivo
2022-01-25
A number of in vivo studies have investigated the antitumor activity of distinct GSK-3 inhibitors in a variety of cancer cell line-derived tumor xenograft models [14], [21], [22], [24], [33], [39], [40]. These studies utilized toolkit GSK-3 inhibitors as monotherapies. Although inhibition of tumor g
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The Bcl and Bcl xL genes contain the CRE binding
2022-01-25
The Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL genes contain the CRE binding site in their promoter regions for CREB and CBP to bind to, so CREB phosphorylation was shown to up-regulate these anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL [[29], [30], [31]]. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL prevent the activation of caspases and the release of mito
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It appears that not all GPR agonists require a
2022-01-25
It appears that not all GPR119 agonists require a high dose to elicit acceptable Acyclovir control. According to preclinical data presented at the GTCbio Diabetes Summit, a 3mg/kg dose of AR-7947 was enough to induce similar blood glucose-lowering effects compared to those achieved by 30mg/kg sitagl
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On the other hand it is quite possible that strychnine
2022-01-24
On the other hand, it is quite possible that strychnine-sensitive glycine sites are responsible for mediating the anticonvulsant effects of GlyT1 inhibitors. Strychnine, which acts as an antagonist at these sites, is a well-known as a convulsant drug, and elevation of endogenous glycine levels at th
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br Reactive Dicarbonyls and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Althou
2022-01-24
Reactive Dicarbonyls and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to be one of the main pathogenic mechanisms in diabetic neuropathy, little is known about the nature and extent of mitochondrial damage resulting from chronic hyperglycemia. Mitochondria funct
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Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to pla
2022-01-24
Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to play a pivotal role in NMDAR-related function. For example, it Adenosine has been demonstrated in a hippocampal slice study that the glycine site sub-serves the spatiotemporal detection of synaptic activity (Li et al., 2009). Moreover, mice w
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The third generation cephalosporin antibiotics can cross the
2022-01-24
The third-generation cephalosporin salubrinal can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) [94]. In addition, several studies have shown that CEF can also cross the BBB [95,96] through a facilitated transport process [95]. However, due to the fact that CEF has poor bioavailability when taken orally, CEF
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Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an
2022-01-24
Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an overproduction and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), due to increased liver lipid substrate availability (Adiels et al., 2005, Choi and Ginsberg, 2011), and/or reduced catabolism of TRLs and their remnants, due to reduced lipoprotein lipas
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One effective approach to fine tuning the lipophilicity prof
2022-01-24
One effective approach to fine-tuning the lipophilicity profile of FFA1 agonists is to ‘decorate’ the 3-phenylpropahoic Vincristine mg scaffold with polar heterocyclic moieties. Alternatively, this scaffold could be replaced with heterocyclic isosteres (as in Takeda’s compounds 1,2 and 3 as well as
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br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments br This
2022-01-24
Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A
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All of the abovementioned effects of
2022-01-24
All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs signal their involvement in a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon, which is increasingly recognized as a potential target for future pharmacotherapies of atherosclerosis, especially for individuals who do not respond to the classical lipid-lowering stra
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