• br Funding sources This work was supported in part by

  2022-02-17

  

  Funding sources This work was supported, in part, by NIH GM115388 to BGM. Acknowledgements Introduction Glucokinase (GCK) plays a central role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Its activity is restricted to BCTC with important roles in whole-body glucose homeostasis [1]. In pancrea

• vomitoxin Since the late s synthetic GC e

  2022-02-17

  

  Since the late 1940s, synthetic GC (e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) have been used extensively in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, and for their immunosuppressant action in preventing organ rejection post transplantation. Cortico

• cAMP is a key secondary

  2022-02-17

  

  cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracellular signals at glucagon receptors to intracellular effector molecules. cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway increases the gene expression of enzymes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) whic

• Recently several dual GLP GIP receptor agonists

  2022-02-17

  

  Recently, several dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists have been developed as a treatment of type II diabetes. These peptides can activate both the GLP-1 and the GIP receptor. Such dual receptor agonists are superior compared to single GLP-1 analogues such as liraglutide (Finan et al., 2013). Previously

• br Ghrelin interactions with the opioid system The

  2022-02-17

  

  Ghrelin interactions with the opioid system The endogenous opioid system is an important regulator of appetite and metabolism (Bodnar, 2017, Nogueiras et al., 2012). In fact, several pharmacological studies have demonstrated that agonists of the three opioid receptors (mu, kappa, and delta) incre

• Alsterpaullone In this study we describe the expression

  2022-02-17

  

  In this study, we describe the expression of galr2a and galr2b in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount in situ RNA hybridization. To further analyze the distribution of GALR2b and its interactions with galanin, we generated Tg(galr2b:egfp) zebrafish, which express EGFP under the control of a galr2b p

• br FXR FGF in the

  2022-02-17

  

  FXR–FGF15/19 in the control of BAs synthesis The nuclear receptor FXR is the master regulator of BAs homeostasis, modulating their synthesis, AICAR phosphate and uptake [15]. FXR decreases BA de novo hepatic biosynthesis by reducing the expression of CYP7A1. At the canalicular membrane, newly-sy

• Immunohistochemistry using anti FFAR antibodies revealed

  2022-02-16

  

  Immunohistochemistry using anti-FFAR1 antibodies revealed immunoreactivity for FFAR1 in association with the cell membrane of the hepatocytes (Figure 2). However, the anti-FFAR2 antibody was not suitable for immunohistochemistry under the tested conditions (data not shown). Fatty liver is an import

• The iAs mainly metabolized in the liver

  2022-02-16

  

  The iAs mainly metabolized in the liver to generate MMA and DMA. DMA, MMA and iAs were excreted through the urine (Khaleghian et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2017a). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore associations between concentrations of three arsenic species in urine and gene expressio

• In Kdm c germline and forebrain

  2022-02-16

  

  In Kdm5c germline and forebrain conditional knockout mice, RNA sequencing showed the upregulation of a large set of genes, suggesting that Kdm5c functions primarily as a transcriptional repressor [,]. While no changes in global H3K4me3 levels were observed in the knockout neurons, there were thousan

• It is important to mention that the IC

  2022-02-16

  

  It is important to mention that the IC50 of cetirizine needed to achieve histamine H2 receptor desensitization was 0.43 µM or 170 ng/ml (Fig. 1B), becoming clinically relevant since pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of the clinically used dose (10 mg/day) reported a maximal plasma co

• In conclusion studies of the regulation of the HO BVR

  2022-02-16

  

  In conclusion, studies of the regulation of the HO-1/BVR/CO pathway by selective pharmacological approaches may lead to the discovery of novel compounds for the treatment of diverse diseases. Recent results validate the use of advances in targeting HO-1 in various vascular diseases. However, there a

• Volasertib Mapping PPI networks is challenging

  2022-02-16

  

  Mapping PPI networks is challenging, as it is difficult to express and purify large variaties of Volasertib in sufficient quantities to allow the study of interactions between them. Membrane-bound proteins are particularly difficult to purify in functional form due to their amphiphilic nature. Furt

• Cy3 maleimide (non-sulfonated) E E evolution at transmission

  2022-02-16

  

  E1E2 evolution at transmission has been explored in multiple previous studies. Vertical transmission selects for E1E2 variants with increased replication fitness due of CTL escape mutations (Honegger et al., 2013). Experimental infection of chimeric liver mice selects for E1E2 variants with increase

• The identity of organelles is defined by a

  2022-02-16

  

  The identity of organelles is defined by a particular set of molecules present on their surface. Most organelles in the endomembrane system (i.e., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes) carry Rab GTPases (hereafter referred to as Rabs), which serve as binding platforms for

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