• Aurora A and B are required for

  2023-10-07

  

  Aurora A and B are required for the control of mitosis whereas Aurora C is mainly invoved in meiosis (Goldenson and Crispino, 2015). Interestingly, Aurora B is partnered with inner centromere protein (INCENP), survivin and Borealin to form a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that is critical for t

• Apocynin br Oxidative microbe killing and V ATPase Oxidative

  2023-10-07

  

  Oxidative microbe killing and V-ATPase Oxidative killing of phagocytosed microorganisms is predominately achieved through the uptake of large quantities of molecular oxygen by the infected cell and the activity particularly of the NADPH oxidase complex on phagosomes (Savina et al., 2006) and the

• br Introduction Endothelial progenitor cells EPCs present

  2023-10-07

  

  Introduction Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) present a class of blood cells with an ability to form new blood vessels relying on pre-existing vessels, which contribute to postnatal angiogenesis [1], [2]. A wide range of studies have demonstrated that EPCs play a critical role in angiogenesis

• br Under normal physiological conditions the agonist binds t

  2023-10-07

  

  Under normal physiological conditions, the agonist binds to AT1R on the surface of the plasma membrane and activates the receptor, mediating downstream signaling. Then, activated AT1R is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) [13] or G protein coupled receptor kinases (GPKs, such as GRK2 [13], G

• The results of cell culture models were

  2023-10-03

  

  The results of cell culture models were further supported by in vivo studies in mice treated with PXR and/or AhR agonists, PCN and β-NF. In these mice, AhR-regulated cyp1a1, and cyp1a2 were suppressed by PXR activation as determined by real time Q-PCR (Fig. 3). The level of PXR mRNA was not changed

• br Conclusions The present data suggest that

  2023-10-03

  

  Conclusions The present data suggest that homeostatic balance of the cortical/hippocampal adenosinergic tone is necessary for normal working memory function and any deviation appears to impair performance – either as a consequence of A2AR under-activation when adenosine levels are reduced or due

• An alternative to the agonist or antagonist

  2023-10-03

  

  An alternative to the agonist or antagonist potential in drug discovery is the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) approach, which can augment the normal processes of neurotransmission as opposed to directly replacing or antagonizing them. PAMs are thought to bind to sites that are distinct from the

• Several approved and or experimental drugs

  2023-10-03

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outco

• To elucidate whether membrane fluidity

  2023-10-03

  

  To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could impact on signaling pathways, we examined the effects of Rh2 on the activation of Akt, a lipid raft-associated protein kinase, which promotes cell survival and blocks the apoptotic pathways. Upon pretreatment with 5 mM MβCD and in the absence of R

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Photodynamic

  2023-10-01

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used for the treatment of several malignant and non malignant diseases (Akimoto, 2016, Keyal, Bhatta, Wang, 2016, Morton, Szeimies, Sidoroff, Wennberg, Basset-Seguin, Calzavara-Pinton, Gilaberte, Hofbauer, Hunger, Kar

• To the best of our

  2023-10-01

  

  To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases of an E196K mutation have been described since it was first identified in 2000 [15], [16], [17], although 5 cases, accounting for 1.1% of all genetic TSE cases, were reported with no precise data on the clinical phenotypes in the EUROCJD collaborative surve

• Globally the total number of patients

  2023-10-01

  

  Globally, the total number of patients included in the meta-analysis was 1885, ranging from 40 to 442 patients per study. All eligible studies reported the association between ALDH1 expression and patients' OS [24-26, 3241], whereas nine studies evaluated the relationship between ALDH1 expression an

• AHR mediated MMP upregulation has been shown in

  2023-10-01

  

  AHR-mediated MMP1 upregulation has been shown in response to tobacco smoke [32]. Tobacco smoke contains various AHR ligands such as benzo[a]pyrene. Both benzo[a]pyrene [15] and FICZ [13] are high-affinity ligands for AHR and upregulate CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. FICZ is rapidly degraded by CYP1A1 [20], [33]

• It is also possible that adrenoceptor

  2023-10-01

  

  It is also possible that α2-adrenoceptor activation may inhibit glutamate accumulation by upregulating the glutamate-buffering activity of Müller troglitazone through EAAT1 or adjusting EAAT2 in bipolar cells, as well as the NMDA receptor. Therefore, we investigated whether topical administration o

• br Conflict of interest br

  2023-10-01

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant Number 24592576. Co-existence of β- and β-adrenergic recept

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